Dover History Facts and Timeline

(Dover, Delaware - DE, USA)

The history of present-day Dover is a lengthy one, spanning over three centuries and including many important historical events. It was in the year of 1683 when the city was officially established by wealthy English real estate entrepreneur, William Penn, who was in charge of the territory.

Dover came into being as the county town for Kent County, with this site being chosen due to its convenient location next to the St. Jones River. The town slowly began its life, with a basic structure being implemented and adapted as it naturally grew.

During the second decade of the 18th century, a city plan was drawn up for Dover and a more organized infrastructure implemented. Dover was officially incorporated as a city and building work was overseen by the Delaware General Assembly. The city soon began to expand its boundaries as it started to attract more and more settlers.

A State Capital is Born

Up until this point in history, the city of Newcastle was serving as the capital of Delaware. However, in the 1770s, discussions were held about the possibility of moving the state capital to Dover, a more centrally located city. Dover also had the strategic advantage of enjoying a safer situation, away from potential attacks from British naval forces sailing along the Delaware River.

Although Dover became the state capital, Delaware's assembly decided to meet in venues all over the state, often meeting in cities such as Lewes, Newcastle and Wilmington, as well as Dover itself. In the year of 1781, it was decided that the assembly should only meet in the state capital and plans were drawn up for a state house.

Delaware State House

The original State Capitol Building (now the Old State House) was built between the years 1787 and 1791. Erected on the central square referred to as 'The Green', it was known as the Kent County Court House before being renamed as simply the State House.

Today, this part of Dover remains central to local history and forms the heart of the city's attractive Green Historic District, being home to the Delaware Supreme Court.

American Revolution and Slavery

Dover was famously called home by leading American politician Caesar Rodney, who is remembered for his important role during the American Revolution (1775 to 1783). His efforts led to the nation gaining its independence from the British Empire and the ultimate formation of the United States of America. Caesar Rodney is believed to have been buried on the outskirts of the city, with a cenotaph being found in the city's Christ Episcopal Church on East Water Street.

Slavery became a dark time in Dover history and locals throughout Kent County had very mixed opinions on the selling of slaves. As a result, Dover became part of the 'Underground Railroad' route, where escaped slaves used secret trails and safe houses to gain their freedom.

Modern Times in Delaware's Capital City

Today, visitors to Dover will be overwhelmed by the amount of history present in the city. The quantity and quality of historic buildings is certainly impressive, with many making a strong appearance on the National Register of Historic Places.

Particularly notable sights around Dover include Christ Church (1734 - later remodeled), the John Dickinson House (1740), the Bradford Loockerman House (1742), the Eden Hill House (1749), the John Bullen House (1781) and the Delaware Governor's Mansion (1790), as well as the Delaware State Museum Buildings.